Snapdragons are popular for their beautiful, dragon-shaped blooms and vibrant colors, making them a go-to for spring and fall gardens. Though snapdragons are technically short-lived perennials, they’re often grown as annuals due to their intense bursts of color during cooler seasons. These flowers come in many varieties and sizes, from compact, low-growing types to taller varieties that reach up to four feet. Ideal for garden beds, containers, or wall crevices, snapdragons provide endless charm in the garden.
Here’s a complete guide to growing and caring for these unique plants.
What Are Snapdragons?
Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus), also called dog’s mouth or toad’s mouth, are easy to recognize thanks to their unique flowers that resemble tiny dragon snouts. When pinched, the flowers can “snap” open and close, which is how they earned their whimsical name. Originally from the Mediterranean region, snapdragons are known to thrive in cooler climates and come in an array of colors including white, yellow, pink, red, orange, and purple.
- Common Name: Snapdragon, dog’s mouth, lion’s mouth, toad’s mouth
- Botanical Name: Antirrhinum majus
- Plant Type: Short-lived perennial, often grown as an annual
- Size: 6–48 inches tall, 6–12 inches wide
- Sun Requirements: Full sun to partial shade
- Soil Requirements: Moist, well-draining soil with a neutral pH (6.2–7.0)
- Bloom Time: Spring, early summer, sometimes again in fall
- Flower Colors: Available in almost every color, including white, yellow, pink, red, orange, and purple
- USDA Hardiness Zones: Best grown in zones 7–11
- Water Needs: Keep soil consistently moist; water at soil level to prevent disease
- Fertilizer: Apply balanced fertilizer when blooms appear; monthly feeding recommended for best results
- Special Care: Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms; provide support for taller varieties
Snapdragons Care
Growing snapdragons from seed is possible, though these plants are slow to develop and typically require early indoor starting to be ready by spring. Many gardeners prefer to buy snapdragon seedlings from nurseries, which can be easily transplanted outdoors.
Light
Snapdragons need full sun for abundant blooms, ideally around six to eight hours of sunlight daily. While they can tolerate some shade, too much can reduce flowering. In warmer regions, planting in an area with partial shade during the hottest part of the day helps prevent overheating and prolongs the blooming season.
Soil
The best soil for snapdragons is well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a neutral pH between 6.2 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter before planting helps promote healthy growth. Though not heavy feeders, snapdragons appreciate rich soil that supports continuous blooming.
Watering
When first planted, keep snapdragon seedlings consistently moist. Once established, these plants need about one inch of water per week. Always water close to the soil to avoid wetting the leaves, which can lead to diseases. Allow the top inch of soil to dry between waterings to prevent root rot.
Temperature and Humidity
Snapdragons perform best in cool to moderate temperatures and are most vibrant when nighttime temperatures range from the low 40s to daytime highs in the 70s. Though snapdragons can tolerate mild frost, they may struggle in high heat, so consider shade and regular watering in hot climates.
Fertilizer
Apply a balanced fertilizer (such as 10-10-10) when you first see flower buds, following the recommended rate. Regular feeding every month or so helps keep snapdragons producing blooms. After fertilizing, always water to help nutrients penetrate the soil.
Varieties of Snapdragons
There are countless snapdragon varieties available, many of which offer unique colors and flower shapes. Here are some popular types:
- Rocket Series: Known for multi-color spikes, this type grows up to 2-3 feet and is ideal for garden beds.
- Madame Butterfly Mix: With ruffled blooms, these 24-30 inch plants are perfect for cut-flower arrangements.
- Tutti Frutti: Compact at 10-12 inches, these plants offer speckled and striped blooms in multiple shades.
- Candy Tops Mix: A smaller series (6-8 inches), these make great edging plants and come in colors like yellow, red, and rose.
- Chandelier Mix: These trailing snapdragons are perfect for containers, with pastel flowers in lilac, pink, and yellow hues.
Propagating Snapdragons
Although snapdragons are easy to find at garden centers, they can be propagated from stem cuttings if you want to multiply your plants.
- Cut a healthy 2-inch section of the stem, just below a leaf node.
- Remove lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone.
- Place the cutting in potting soil, then cover with plastic to retain humidity.
- When roots develop, transfer the young plant to a bright spot or under grow lights until ready for outdoor planting.
Growing Snapdragons from Seed
Starting snapdragons from seed is rewarding but requires patience. Sow seeds indoors 6-12 weeks before the last expected frost, pressing them lightly onto the soil surface. Snapdragon seeds need light to germinate, so use a grow light for about 16 hours daily. Once seedlings have grown six true leaves, pinch the top stems to encourage branching. Transplant outside after the last frost for optimal results.
Overwintering Snapdragons
Since snapdragons are often treated as annuals, they don’t usually survive multiple seasons. However, in USDA hardiness zones 7-11, they can overwinter if you cover them with mulch for insulation. After blooming slows, allow seed pods to form for potential self-seeding the following year.
Common Pests and Diseases
Snapdragons can attract pests like aphids and spider mites. In case of severe infestations, insecticidal soap or horticultural oils can help. Additionally, snapdragons are prone to rust fungus, which appears as yellow or brown spots on leaves. Rotate plant locations each year to minimize fungal issues and avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf diseases.
Getting Snapdragons to Bloom
Snapdragons bloom from spring into early summer, and sometimes again in fall. To maximize bloom time, follow these tips:
- Deadhead regularly by removing spent flowers, which encourages the plant to produce more blooms.
- Provide full sun and maintain soil moisture to support flowering.
- Trim plants after their first bloom cycle to encourage new growth and potentially extend the flowering season.
Common Issues with Snapdragons
Snapdragons can encounter a few common problems, but most are easily fixed with simple adjustments.
- Wilting Leaves and Reduced Flowers: Excessive heat and direct sunlight may stress snapdragons. Moving them to a cooler spot and trimming spent blooms often helps.
- Yellow and Brown Leaf Spots: Rust fungus causes yellow flecks that turn brown. Increase air circulation and water at the soil level to prevent fungal issues.
- Toppling Plants: Taller snapdragons can become top-heavy. Use plant supports to keep them upright in windy or shady areas.
Fun Facts About Snapdragons
Snapdragons have fascinating qualities beyond their appearance. Their flowers are primarily pollinated by large bumblebees, as smaller bees cannot open their “jaws.” The unique shape of snapdragon flowers not only attracts pollinators but also adds a whimsical touch to any garden space.
Final Thoughts
With the right care, snapdragons can be a delightful addition to your garden, adding vibrant color and character. From choosing the right variety to understanding their light, water, and soil needs, you can easily enjoy these unique blooms in containers or garden beds. By following these snapdragon care tips and growing them in the right conditions, you can make your garden a haven of color and charm, showcasing the enduring beauty of snapdragons season after season.
