The ice plant, a versatile and hardy succulent, is renowned for its stunningly colorful blooms and ease of care. Known by its botanical names, Delosperma and Lampranthus, the ice plant belongs to the Aizoaceae family. These resilient perennials are often used in rock gardens, desert landscapes, and as ground cover, bringing vibrant hues to otherwise arid settings. The name “ice plant” stems from the reflective, crystal-like hairs on its leaves and stems that resemble glistening ice crystals. Although many varieties of ice plants are evergreen in warm climates, they are surprisingly cold-sensitive despite their frosty name.
In this guide, we’ll dive into the ice plant care, its ideal growing conditions, and how to make the most of its vibrant potential.
Understanding the Ice Plant: A Versatile Succulent
Ice plant species, particularly Lampranthus and Delosperma, are beloved for their vividly colored flowers that add a splash of life to any garden. Their fleshy, succulent-like foliage is designed to conserve water, making them perfect for arid regions or drought-prone gardens. In autumn, the foliage tends to darken, adding to its visual appeal.
However, the ice plant isn’t without its issues. In some regions, especially coastal California, the ice plant (specifically Carpobrotus edulis) has become invasive, spreading rapidly and choking out native species. Gardeners in these areas should be mindful of the environmental impact when planting ice plants.
Essential Ice Plant Growing Requirements
To help your ice plant thrive, it’s crucial to understand its growing conditions:
- Sun Exposure: Full sun is critical. Ice plants require at least six hours of direct sunlight daily to encourage vibrant blooms.
- Soil Type: The key to success with ice plants is well-drained soil. They are particularly suited to sandy or gravelly soils that allow water to pass through quickly. Dense clay soils are a no-go as they retain too much moisture, which can lead to root rot.
- Watering: Once established, ice plants are drought-tolerant. Watering every two weeks during dry spells is sufficient. In hotter climates, you may need to water weekly, but be cautious not to overwater. Allow the soil to dry out before winter to prevent root rot.
- Temperature: Although many ice plants are evergreen in warmer climates, most varieties cannot tolerate extreme cold. Mulching in winter can protect them in cooler regions.
- Spacing: When planting, space your ice plants 15 to 18 inches apart to allow them room to spread and form a dense, beautiful mat.
Light and Sun Exposure
Ice plants thrive in full sun. This ensures they bloom profusely and grow strong, compact foliage. Without enough sunlight, the plants may become leggy and weak. Ensure they receive at least six hours of sunlight per day to keep them healthy and vibrant.
Soil Requirements
A well-draining soil mix is crucial for ice plants. Their roots will quickly rot if kept in moist or waterlogged soil. Sandy or gravelly soil works best, as it mimics the plant’s natural habitat in arid, rocky regions. For container-grown plants, use a potting mix designed for succulents or cacti.
Watering Schedule
Once your ice plant is established, water sparingly. The plant can survive on very little water, especially during the growing season. A general rule is to water every two weeks during dry periods, and slightly more often during very hot weather. Before winter arrives, reduce watering so that the plant doesn’t sit in moist soil, which can lead to fungal issues and root rot.
Ideal Temperature and Humidity
While ice plants are known for their resilience in dry climates, they are quite sensitive to cold. If you live in an area prone to frost, mulching can help insulate the plants. If your region experiences heavy snow, consider covering the plants with a dry mulch, such as straw, to keep them dry during the winter months.
Fertilizing Ice Plants
In general, ice plants can thrive without the need for heavy fertilization. However, adding compost or a slow-release flower fertilizer at planting time can give them a boost. Container-grown plants may need feeding more frequently since the soil nutrients deplete faster in pots.
Types of Ice Plants to Consider
There are many species and cultivars of ice plants, each offering unique flower colors and growth habits:
- Delosperma brunnthaleri: A hardy ground cover with bright yellow flowers. Suitable for zones 4 to 9.
- Delosperma floribundum ‘Starburst’: A mat-forming cultivar with striking pink flowers and white centers, ideal for zones 6 to 8.
- Delosperma cooperi: Known for its magenta flowers, this species grows around 3 to 6 inches tall and is suited to zones 6 to 10.
- Lampranthus aurantiacus: This species stands out with its bright orange blooms and can grow up to 18 inches tall. Best for zones 9 to 11.
- Lampranthus haworthii: Featuring blue-green foliage and pink or purple flowers, this variety is best suited to zones 9 to 11.
Propagating Ice Plants
Ice plants are incredibly easy to propagate. They can self-seed, or you can propagate them by division or stem cuttings. This makes them both affordable and sustainable for gardeners looking to expand their collection.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
- Select a healthy 2 to 3-inch stem from the tip of a growing ice plant.
- Prepare a small container with well-draining sandy soil or a cactus potting mix.
- Insert the cutting into the soil, ensuring it stands securely. Place the container in a sunny location.
- Water sparingly every few days until the cutting takes root.
Propagation by Division
- Dig up a mature ice plant in the spring, taking care not to damage the roots.
- Use a sharp spade to divide the plant into two halves.
- Replant each half in a suitable growing location and water lightly to help the roots settle in.
Potting and Repotting Ice Plants
Ice plants do well in containers, but proper drainage is essential. Choose a potting mix designed for succulents or a blend of regular potting soil with sand or gravel. Ensure your pots have drainage holes to prevent waterlogged roots, which can lead to rot. A layer of fine gravel over the soil can help keep the leaves dry.
Repot your ice plants in spring when they’ve outgrown their container. These plants spread quickly, so dividing and repotting helps manage their growth and encourages healthy new foliage.
Common Pests and Issues
Ice plants are relatively pest-free, though aphids and mealybugs can sometimes cause trouble. If you notice leaf damage or sticky residues, dab the affected areas with rubbing alcohol to eliminate pests.
Encouraging More Blooms
While ice plants bloom readily with minimal care, providing the right conditions will enhance their flowering potential. Ensure they get plenty of sunlight and don’t hesitate to add a balanced flower fertilizer if your soil is nutrient-poor.
Deadheading isn’t necessary for ice plants, as it generally doesn’t affect the blooming cycle.
Final Thoughts on Ice Plant Care
Ice plants are a low-maintenance yet vibrant addition to any garden. Their ability to thrive in harsh conditions, coupled with their striking, colorful blooms, makes them a favorite for many gardeners. Whether you’re looking for a hardy ground cover or a splash of color in a container garden, ice plants are sure to impress with their resilience and beauty. By following these simple care guidelines, you can enjoy the beauty of ice plants year-round.
