Florida is home to a diverse range of lizards, with 65 different species found across the state. From native species to introduced and invasive ones, Florida lizards can be seen in forests, wetlands, urban areas, and even sandy coastal dunes. These reptiles play an essential role in Florida’s ecosystem, controlling insect populations and serving as prey for larger predators.
With its warm and humid climate, Florida provides the perfect environment for a variety of lizard species to thrive. Some of the most common lizards in Florida include anoles, skinks, glass lizards, and large monitor lizards. Many species have adapted well to urban settings, often spotted basking on fences, walls, and sidewalks.
This guide will introduce you to 65 different Florida lizards, complete with pictures and identification tips. Whether you are a wildlife enthusiast or just curious about the reptiles in your backyard, learning to identify these fascinating creatures will give you a deeper appreciation of Florida’s rich biodiversity.
Different Types of Lizards in Florida
Green Anole
The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis), also called the American Green Anole or Carolina Anole, is a slender lizard with a pointed head. It is one of the few native anole species in the United States. These lizards can grow up to 8 inches (20 cm) in total length, with nearly 70% of that being their tail.
Males are known for their large, bright red throat fan (dewlap), which they use to attract females and defend their territory. Females, on the other hand, have smaller, lighter-colored throat fans, typically white to pale pink, and can be distinguished by a white stripe running down their spine. Green anoles can change color, shifting from bright green to brown depending on temperature, mood, and surroundings.
Brown Anole
The Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei), also known as the Cuban Brown Anole, is a non-native species that has established strong populations in Florida and other parts of the southeastern U.S. It is typically light brown with dark brown or black markings on its back and lighter tan lines along its sides. Unlike the Green Anole, the Brown Anole can only change color within shades of brown, often darkening in response to environmental changes.
Males grow to about 8 inches (20 cm) in total length, while females are slightly smaller, averaging around 5.9 inches (15 cm). Their throat fan (dewlap) ranges from orange-red to yellow, making them easy to distinguish. Brown anoles are highly adaptable and have outcompeted native anoles in many regions due to their aggressive nature and rapid reproduction.
Bark Anole
The Bark Anole (Anolis distichus), also known as the North Caribbean Bark Anole, is a small species that was introduced to Florida from the Bahamas and Hispaniola in the 1940s. This species spends most of its time basking on tree trunks, blending seamlessly with the bark thanks to its camouflaged coloration.
Bark anoles range in color from green to brown or gray, with a distinct throat fan that can be orange, red, or yellow. They are relatively small, reaching around 5 inches (12.7 cm) in total length, including the tail. Their ability to blend into tree bark helps them evade predators while they search for insects and small prey.
Knight Anole
The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris), also known as the Cuban Knight Anole, is the largest anole species, growing up to 20 inches (51 cm) in total length. Males are generally larger than females and have a striking bright green coloration with a distinctive yellow stripe along their head and shoulders. Their throat fan (dewlap) is pale pink or white.
Juvenile knight anoles can be identified by their light body banding, which fades as they mature. These lizards are diurnal and highly territorial, often standing their ground against perceived threats by puffing up their bodies and displaying their dewlap. Though they are visually impressive, knight anoles are shy and will often freeze or retreat when approached.
Common Puerto Rican Anole
The Common Puerto Rican Anole (Anolis cristatellus), also called the Crested Anole, is a stockier and more muscular species compared to other anoles. It is also known for being more aggressive. This small lizard grows to about 3 inches (7.5 cm) in body length, with females being slightly smaller than males. Males can be distinguished by the fin-like sail running down their tails.
Their coloration varies from green-gray to bronze, with light brown spots, a green to yellow belly, and a burnt orange throat fan. Juveniles have a different appearance, with brown bodies, bands, and purple-brown spots on their throats. Some females retain a light mid-dorsal stripe into adulthood. This species has successfully established itself in introduced environments, including parts of Florida.
Large-Headed Anole
The Large-Headed Anole (Anolis cybotes), also known as the Tiburon Stout Anole, is native to Hispaniola and surrounding islands but has formed stable populations in South Florida. As their name suggests, males have noticeably large heads, which give them a distinctive look.
These anoles are typically brown with lighter stripes running along their sides. They are known for their adaptability and ability to thrive in various habitats, including urban environments. Their strong limbs and large heads make them more robust than some other anole species, giving them a competitive advantage in their introduced range.
Cuban Green Anole
The Cuban Green Anole (Anolis porcatus) belongs to the Carolinensis group and is native to Cuba. It has successfully established stable breeding populations throughout Florida, where it is often confused with the native Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis).
This species is bright green in color but can shift to brown depending on environmental conditions. It is an agile climber, commonly found in trees, bushes, and even man-made structures. Their ability to adapt to new environments has helped them spread rapidly outside their native range.
Hispaniolan Green Anole
The Hispaniolan Green Anole (Anolis chlorocyanus), also known as the Tiburon Green Anole, is native to Hispaniola but has been introduced to southern Florida. It closely resembles the North American Green Anole but has distinct differences in coloration.
Males have a light blue throat fan, whereas the North American Green Anole has a red one. Males are bright green, while females and juveniles feature dark green stripes along their sides. These anoles are highly arboreal, preferring to live in trees and shrubs, where they can blend into their surroundings for protection.
Jamaican Giant Anole
The Jamaican Giant Anole (Anolis garmani), also known simply as the Jamaican Anole, is a large species that can reach up to 10.6 inches (27 cm) in total length, including its tail. This species is known for its impressive size and striking appearance.
During the day, these anoles are green, but they turn brown at night. Males have an orange center in their throat fan, while females have a much smaller and duskier-looking throat fan. They are highly territorial and will display aggressive behaviors, such as head-bobbing and dewlap extensions, to defend their space.
Florida Scrub Lizard
The Florida Scrub Lizard (Sceloporus woodi) is a small lizard, reaching about 5 inches (13 cm) in total length, including its tail. It is native to Florida and thrives in dry, sandy habitats such as pine and evergreen oak scrub.
These lizards have a brown or gray coloration with distinct brown stripes running down the sides of their bodies. Males can be identified by the turquoise patches on their bellies and throats, while females lack this feature and may have lighter markings on their undersides. They are commonly found basking in open areas where they blend well with their surroundings.
Eastern Fence Lizard
The Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), also known as the Prairie Lizard or Pine Lizard, is a native species that can grow up to 7.5 inches (19 cm) long, including its tail. It is typically found in wooded areas with ample sunlight and loose, sandy soil.
These lizards have keeled scales and are usually brown or gray. Males display striking blue and black coloration on their throats and bellies during the summer, while females remain gray with dark, wavy patterns on their backs. They are diurnal, basking on fence posts, logs, and rocks in the morning before retreating to shade when it gets too hot.
Northern Curly-Tailed Lizard
The Northern Curly-Tailed Lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus) is native to the Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Cuba but was intentionally introduced to Palm Beach, Florida, to control pests in sugarcane fields. Since then, it has spread to other parts of Florida. This species is known for its distinctive curled tail and can grow up to 10 inches (26 cm) in total length. They thrive in sunny environments with abundant rocks and rubble, where they can bask and hide.
These lizards are highly active and quick to flee when disturbed. If captured, they have a unique defense mechanism—playing dead. When handled, they remain motionless for a while, even after being released. Their ability to adapt to different environments has helped them establish a stable population outside their native range.
Red-Sided Curly-Tailed Lizard
The Red-Sided Curly-Tailed Lizard (Leiocephalus schreibersii), also known as the Hispaniolan curlytail lizard, is a fast-moving reptile belonging to the Leiocephalidae family. Originally from the Hispaniola region, this species has been introduced to new environments where it has adapted well. Growing up to 6 cm in body length (excluding the tail), these lizards are compact yet agile.
As diurnal creatures, they are most active during the day, constantly on the lookout for food and potential predators. If threatened, they quickly scurry into cover, using their speed as a primary defense. Their ability to blend into their surroundings and react swiftly to danger has allowed them to thrive in various habitats.
Indo-Chinese Forest Lizard
The Indo-Chinese Forest Lizard (Calotes mystaceus), also called the blue-crested lizard, is a striking species recognized by its smooth scales and small spines on the sides of its head. This lizard features a compressed tail and a body colored in olive to gray, with red spots on its back and yellow markings on its lips. It can grow up to 42 cm in total length, including the tail.
Native to Southeast Asia, this species has been introduced to other regions where it thrives in forested areas. It is an adept climber, often found basking on tree trunks and branches. Due to its vibrant coloration and unique crest, the Indo-Chinese Forest Lizard is often admired by reptile enthusiasts.
Common Agama
The Common Agama (Agama agama), also known as the red-headed rock agama or rainbow agama, is a fascinating lizard that undergoes color changes depending on the season. Typically brown or gray, males develop vibrant hues of blue, red, or yellow during the breeding season. This makes them stand out in their natural environment.
Despite their fierce appearance, common agamas are quite timid and will retreat when approached. They are well-adapted to various habitats, including grasslands, bushy areas, and even household yards. Their ability to live alongside humans has made them one of the most widely recognized lizard species in their range.
Butterfly Lizard
The Butterfly Lizard (Leiolepis genus), also called the butterfly agama, is named after its stunning markings, which include yellow spots on the back and orange and black lines on the sides. These lizards have been introduced to Florida, where they have successfully established a thriving population.
Preferring open landscapes, butterfly lizards are commonly found in agricultural lands and sandy coastal areas. Their striking patterns not only serve as camouflage but also make them a favorite among reptile enthusiasts. Agile and alert, these lizards quickly retreat into burrows if they sense danger, ensuring their survival in diverse environments.
Oriental Garden Lizard
The Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), also known as the Eastern Garden Lizard or Changeable Lizard, is a fascinating species capable of changing its coloration. Its base color is olive brown, but it can turn black or bright red depending on its mood or environment. During the breeding season, males develop a striking red throat, giving them the nickname “bloodsucker.” They can grow up to 14.5 inches (37 cm) in total length, including the tail.
This species is commonly found hiding in bushes, where males display a bright yellow and red head and neck along with black limbs and tails, particularly from May to October. These lizards are highly adaptable and thrive in a variety of habitats, including gardens and open forests.
Green Iguana
The Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) is a large, arboreal lizard that can grow up to 5.6 feet (1.7 meters) in total length, with its tail making up the majority of its body. Males can weigh up to 4 kg, while females are slightly smaller, weighing around 3 kg.
Recognizable by their long, whip-like tails and a row of protective spines along their backs, these iguanas use their tails as a defense mechanism. If threatened, they can break off part of their tail to escape, and it will eventually regenerate. They also have a prominent throat fan, which they use for territorial and mating displays. Green Iguanas prefer tropical environments and are strong swimmers, often diving into water to evade predators.
Black Spiny-Tailed Iguana
The Black Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura similis) is a robust species with black keeled scales on its tail. Males can reach up to 4 feet 3 inches (1 meter) in total length, with females being slightly smaller.
These iguanas have a row of spines running down their backs and exhibit a range of colorations. Adults are usually tan or gray with dark bands, while males develop striking orange, blue, and peach tones on their heads and throats during mating season. Originally from Central America, they were introduced to South Florida and have established wild populations in areas such as Collier County, Tampa Bay, Key Biscayne, and Broward County.
Mexican Spiny-Tailed Iguana
The Mexican Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata), also called the Western Spiny-Tailed Iguana, is another large species, reaching up to 1.3 meters in length. Females are generally smaller than males.
Their coloration ranges from gray-brown to dark brown, with yellowish undersides and a row of long spines running down the back. Juveniles start off as bright green and darken as they mature. Native to western Mexico, they were introduced to South Florida, where they have established feral populations. They are now found in areas such as Broward County, Key Biscayne, Hialeah, and Gasparilla Island, where they originated from three pet iguanas released in 1970.
Brown Basilisk
The Brown Basilisk (Basiliscus vittatus), also known as the Striped Basilisk or Common Basilisk, is a medium-sized lizard that can grow up to 24 inches (61 cm) in length, including its tail. It has an olive-brown to brown body with dark cross-banding, a distinct white stripe running from the eye to the hind legs, and a three-part crest on the head, back, and tail. Males have a larger crest, and all individuals possess long toes with sharp claws, making them excellent climbers.
One of the most fascinating abilities of the Brown Basilisk is its capacity to run on water for up to 66 feet (20 meters) before sinking, earning it the nickname “Jesus Christ lizard.” This is achieved through specialized flaps on their hind feet that increase surface area, allowing them to stay above water. They are highly alert and fast-moving, typically found in tropical habitats near bodies of water.
Veiled Chameleon
The Veiled Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), also called the Yemen Chameleon or Cone-head Chameleon, is a large species that can reach up to 24 inches (61 cm) in length. Males are more vibrantly colored with bold yellow or blue bands, while females are generally green with mottled orange, white, yellow, and tan. Juveniles start as a uniform green and develop patterns as they mature. Their ability to change color depends on mood, temperature, and environmental factors.
This species is arboreal, thriving in trees and large plants within warm mountain and valley regions. In Florida, most wild populations originate from escaped pets. Veiled Chameleons are highly territorial, using their casque (a helmet-like structure on their head) and throat fan for display. They rely on their long, sticky tongues to capture insects with precision.
Oustalet’s Chameleon
Oustalet’s Chameleon (Furcifer oustaleti), also known as the Malagasy Giant Chameleon, is one of the largest chameleon species, reaching up to 27 inches (68.5 cm) in length. It has a tall casque on its head and small triangular spines running down its back. Most individuals are brown or gray, though females often exhibit brighter coloration. They are slow-moving but highly efficient ambush predators, using their long tongues to catch prey.
Native to Madagascar, this species has been introduced to Florida, where it inhabits forests, agricultural lands, and urban areas. Oustalet’s Chameleons are highly adaptable but require warm, humid environments to thrive. Their camouflage ability helps them blend into tree branches, where they spend most of their time waiting for unsuspecting prey.
Jackson’s Chameleon
Jackson’s Chameleon (Trioceros jacksonii), sometimes called the Three-Horned Chameleon, is named for the three prominent horns that males possess—one on the nose and two above the eyes. Females lack these horns. They are typically bright green, sometimes with hints of yellow or blue, and can change color based on temperature, health, and mood. These chameleons rely on their excellent vision and projectile tongues to capture insects.
Originally from East Africa, Jackson’s Chameleons have been introduced to Florida, where they inhabit humid, forested environments. They are arboreal, spending most of their time in trees, using their prehensile tails and specialized feet to grip branches. Although slow-moving, they are highly territorial and will display aggressive behaviors toward rivals.
Six-Lined Racerunner
The Six-Lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus) is a slender, fast-moving lizard known for its incredible speed, reaching up to 29 kilometers per hour. It has a dark green, black, or brown body with six yellow or greenish-yellow stripes running from head to tail. Males have a pale green throat and light blue belly, while females have white undersides. Their tails are long, often twice the length of their bodies.
This species thrives in open, sunny habitats such as grasslands, floodplains, rocky areas, and woodlands. They are highly alert and difficult to catch, quickly darting away at the slightest disturbance. Racerunners are primarily insectivorous, using their speed to chase down small invertebrates.
Giant Ameiva
The Giant Ameiva (Ameiva ameiva), also known as the Green Ameiva or South American Ground Lizard, is a large, fast-moving lizard with a streamlined body, pointed head, and muscular back legs. They can grow up to 20 inches (50 cm) in total length. Males are bright green, while females are lighter in color, both featuring black spots and mottling on their sides. Their long tails help them maintain balance while running at high speeds.
These lizards are ground dwellers, preferring forested areas where they can hide under leaf litter, logs, and other natural debris. They are highly active and are known for their alertness, making them difficult to approach. Their diet consists mainly of insects and small vertebrates, and they rely on their speed to capture prey or escape from predators.
Rainbow Whiptail
The Rainbow Whiptail (Cnemidophorus lemniscatus) is a sleek, fast-moving lizard originally from Central America and the Caribbean, now introduced to Florida, where it has established stable populations. They grow to around 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length and are known for their agility and speed, often darting away at the slightest disturbance. Their slender bodies and long tails give them a distinctive, streamlined appearance.
These lizards are highly active during the day and prefer warm, open habitats such as sandy areas and dry forests. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates, using their quick reflexes to capture prey. Their rapid movements make them difficult to catch, and they rely on their speed as their primary defense mechanism.
Argentine Black and White Tegu
The Argentine Black and White Tegu (Salvator merianae), also known as the Argentine Giant Tegu, is one of the largest lizards found in Florida, with males growing up to 4.5 feet (140 cm) in total length. Hatchlings have striking emerald green heads that fade to black after a few sheds. Juveniles display yellow and black bands on their tails, which become solid yellow as they mature. Their tails are strong and can be used as a whip, and they are capable of detaching them as an escape mechanism.
These lizards are highly intelligent and have even been known to recognize their owners when kept as exotic pets. They are strong runners, capable of reaching high speeds when fleeing danger. Tegus are omnivorous, consuming fruits, insects, small mammals, and eggs. In Florida, they have established invasive populations and are considered a threat to native wildlife due to their adaptability and voracious appetite.
Reef Gecko
The Reef Gecko (Sphaerodactylus notatus), also known as the Florida Reef Gecko, is one of the smallest lizards in the United States, reaching only 2.25 inches (5.7 cm) in total length. They have a brown body with dark spots, while females feature three wide dark stripes on their heads. Their bodies are rounded, and their backs are covered with large keeled scales, giving them a textured appearance.
These secretive geckos are nocturnal and prefer hiding under debris, in leaf litter, or within pinelands and hammocks. They are primarily active at dusk, moving between hiding spots in search of small insects. Their range extends from the Florida Keys to southeastern Florida, where they thrive in both natural and urban environments.
Ocellated Gecko
The Ocellated Gecko (Sphaerodactylus argus), sometimes called the Ocellated Sphaero, is a small, introduced lizard from Jamaica that has established populations in the Florida Keys. They have a speckled appearance with ocelli-like (eye-shaped) patterns on their bodies, providing excellent camouflage against tree bark and rocky surfaces.
These geckos prefer forested areas but are also commonly seen in urban settings, where they inhabit the walls of buildings and homes. They are nocturnal and emerge at night to hunt small insects. Due to their small size and elusive nature, they are rarely spotted during the day, relying on their camouflage and quick reflexes to avoid predators.
White-Spotted Wall Gecko
The White-Spotted Wall Gecko (Tarentola annularis), also known as the Ringed Wall Gecko, is a large gecko that can grow up to 8 inches (15 cm) in total length. They have a gray to tan body with four distinctive white spots on their shoulders and large, bulging eyes. Their skin has a rough, wart-like texture, which helps them blend into their surroundings. Originally from the Saharan regions, they have adapted well to urban environments in Florida.
In Florida, these geckos are commonly found clinging to the walls of buildings, where they hunt for insects at night. They are aggressive when handled and will bite if grabbed. Despite their introduced status, they have established stable populations in several areas of the state.
Flat-Tailed House Gecko
The Flat-Tailed House Gecko (Hemidactylus platyurus), also known as the Frilled House Gecko, is a small, slender lizard with a distinctive flat tail that has a sharp lateral edge. Their snout is elongated with a slightly concave forehead. They are generally gray in color with a dark band that extends from their eyes to their shoulders.
These geckos can reach a body length of about 6 cm, with their tails being longer than their bodies. Originally from Asia, they have been introduced to Florida and are now found in counties such as Miami-Dade, Pinellas, Lee, Broward, and Alachua. They are highly adaptable and thrive in urban areas where they seek shelter in cracks and crevices.
Ashy Gecko
The Ashy Gecko (Sphaerodactylus elegans) is a tiny lizard that was first discovered in Florida in 1922. Originally from the West Indies, it is believed to have arrived in Florida through cargo shipments. Despite its introduction, it remains mostly confined to the Florida Keys and has not spread significantly to other parts of the United States.
These geckos are small, growing to only 3.9 cm in total length. They have a greenish body with a red or blue tail and bands along their backs. Both males and females look identical. They are nocturnal and secretive, often hiding under debris and rocks during the day and emerging at night to hunt for insects.
Tokay Gecko
The Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) is one of the largest gecko species, reaching up to 12 inches (30 cm) in length, including the tail. They have a flattened yet cylindrical body with soft, grayish skin covered in red or orange patches. Their coloration can change slightly, allowing them to blend in with their environment. Males tend to be larger and more brightly colored than females.
These geckos are highly territorial and aggressive, delivering a strong bite if threatened. They are excellent climbers, often found in trees, walls, and even inside buildings. Originally from Southeast Asia, the Tokay Gecko has been introduced to Florida, where it has established breeding populations.
Mediterranean House Gecko
The Mediterranean House Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus), also called the Turkish Gecko or Moon Lizard, is a small, nocturnal gecko that grows to around 5 inches (13 cm) in total length. They have sticky toe pads, large eyes, and a gray body with dark patches, which helps them blend into rocky surfaces.
These geckos are often seen around outdoor lights at night, feeding on insects attracted to the light. Native to Northern Africa and Southern Europe, they have successfully established populations in Florida and the Florida Keys. They are commonly found hiding in crevices, cracks, and buildings, where they thrive in warm and humid conditions.
Tropical House Gecko
The Tropical House Gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia), also known as the Afro-American or Cosmopolitan House Gecko, is a small, nocturnal lizard that can grow up to 5 inches (12.7 cm) in total length. They are highly adaptable and commonly found in urban areas, where they hunt for insects at night. Their ability to change color slightly allows them to blend into their surroundings, shifting from light brown to dark brown.
These geckos are vocal and produce rapid, short squeaking sounds, especially when communicating with other geckos or feeling threatened. As an introduced species, they have successfully established populations in Florida and are often seen on walls, ceilings, and other structures.
Bibron’s Thick-Toed Gecko
The Bibron’s Thick-Toed Gecko (Chondrodactylus bibronii) is a robust, heavily armored lizard with a large head, short legs, and swollen toepads. Their coloration ranges from gray to brown to tan, often featuring dark bars and scattered white tubercles. This species in Florida tends to be slightly smaller than its African counterparts, reaching up to 5.5 inches (14 cm) in total length.
Originally from southern Africa, these geckos were introduced to Florida in the 1970s. They are known for their aggressive behavior and strong bite, which can draw blood if provoked. Despite their intimidating nature, they are excellent climbers and have established stable populations in the state.
Indo-Pacific Gecko
The Indo-Pacific Gecko (Hemidactylus garnotii), also called Garnot’s House Gecko or Fox Gecko, has a slender body with a flat tail lined with spine-like scales. Their coloration ranges from dark gray to brown, with a distinctive orange to yellow belly. At night, their translucent skin makes them appear almost ghostly.
Adults grow up to 5.5 inches (14 cm) and are commonly found in southern Florida. Interestingly, the Indo-Pacific Gecko population in Florida consists entirely of females, reproducing through parthenogenesis. These geckos are highly skilled climbers and emerge at night to hunt insects, thriving in both urban and natural habitats.
Yellow-Headed Gecko
The Yellow-Headed Gecko (Gonatodes albogularis) is a small lizard that grows to about 3.5 inches (9 cm) in total length. Males have a striking yellow head with a dark blue body, while females are a more subdued mottled gray. Their color changes based on temperature and sunlight, sometimes appearing blue-green or gray when basking.
Originally from the West Indies, these geckos were introduced to the Florida Keys, where they now thrive in rock piles and on buildings. Their distinctive white-tipped tails and quick movements make them easily recognizable among Florida’s introduced gecko species.
Madagascan Giant Day Gecko
The Madagascan Giant Day Gecko (Phelsuma grandis) is a vibrant lizard that can grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) in total length, making it one of the largest day geckos. They are typically bright green or blue-green with a red stripe extending from the eye to the nostril. Some individuals have red bars or dots on their backs, while others lack these markings entirely, but the red stripe near the eye is always present.
Native to northwest Madagascar, these geckos have been introduced to Florida, where small populations have been recorded. Unlike many geckos, they are active during the day, feeding on insects, nectar, and fruit. Their striking colors and diurnal nature make them a favorite among reptile enthusiasts.
Mole Skink
The Mole Skink (Plestiodon egregius) is a slender lizard that can grow up to 6 inches (15 cm) in length. They have short legs and a long tail, which is typically orange or red, distinguishing them from other skinks. Their bodies range from brown to gray, with two light stripes running along their sides. Adapted for burrowing, they prefer areas with loose soil, often hiding under logs, boards, and leaf litter.
These skinks are commonly found in coastal dunes, where they move swiftly through the sand to evade predators. They thrive in dry, hot climates and will drop their tails as an escape mechanism. Their secretive nature makes them difficult to spot in the wild.
Texas Horned Lizard
The Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) is an introduced species in Florida, originally native to east Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas. This species is one of fourteen North American horned lizards, known for their spiky, armored bodies. Males grow up to 10 cm, while females can reach nearly 12 cm in length.
Despite their fierce appearance, Texas horned lizards are docile creatures that spend much of their time basking in the sun. At night, they bury themselves in the sand for protection. Their primary diet consists of harvester ants, so they are often found near ant colonies. When threatened, they puff up their bodies to appear larger or use a unique defense mechanism—shooting blood from their eyes or mouth up to five feet (1.5 m) to startle predators.
Nile Monitor
The Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus), an introduced species in Florida, originates from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly along the Nile River. It is one of the largest lizards in the region, growing up to 8 feet (224 cm) in total length and weighing up to 33 pounds (15 kg).
This species has a muscular body, strong limbs, sharp teeth, and powerful claws used for digging, climbing, and hunting. It has a brown-gray coloration with yellow or green bands along the tail, as well as yellow or green spots on its back with black centers. Nile monitors are opportunistic predators, feeding on snails, fish, frogs, birds, small mammals, crocodile eggs, and insects. They are considered an invasive species in Florida, with established breeding populations.
Florida Worm Lizard
The Florida Worm Lizard (Rhineura floridana), also known as the North American Worm Lizard or Thunderworm, is a unique, burrowing reptile native to Florida. It belongs to the Rhineuridae family and has no reported subspecies. While primarily found in Florida, some individuals have been spotted in Georgia.
This species grows up to 12 inches (30 cm) in length and has a worm-like appearance due to its lack of visible eyes or limbs. It has a shovel-shaped snout that helps it burrow through sand, rotting leaves, and soil. Florida worm lizards spend most of their time underground, emerging only after heavy rain. Their diet consists mostly of earthworms and insects, though they will opportunistically consume any small invertebrates they can catch.
Coal Skink
The Coal Skink (Plestiodon anthracinus) is a medium-sized lizard, reaching up to 7 inches (18 cm) in total length. They have streamlined bodies, short legs, and a distinct coloration of brown or gray with two yellow or white stripes along their sides. Unlike most skinks, they lack a dorsal stripe, making them easier to identify.
These skinks prefer moist environments and are commonly found in forests and near streams. They often take shelter under rocks and logs and will dive into water to hide if threatened. Like other skinks, they can shed their tails to escape predators.
Florida Sand Skink
The Florida Sand Skink (Plestiodon reynoldsi) is a specialized burrowing lizard that has adapted to an underground lifestyle. They grow up to 5 inches (13 cm) in length, with small legs and a tail that makes up half of their body. Their coloration is usually tan or gray, allowing them to blend into sandy habitats.
These skinks are found exclusively in Central Florida, with a limited number of recorded locations. They thrive in vegetated areas with moist soil and are rarely seen above ground. Their unique adaptation to sand-swimming helps them navigate their environment with ease.
Broadhead Skink
The Broadhead Skink (Plestiodon laticeps), also known as the Broadheaded Skink, is one of the largest skinks in Florida, growing up to 13 inches (33 cm) in total length. Males are significantly larger and more colorful than females, sporting a glossy olive-brown to brown body with a bright red head during the breeding season. Females have light stripes down their backs and resemble the five-lined skink.
These skinks are commonly found in decaying trees, rotten logs, and sawdust piles, where they hunt for insects. They prefer moist environments and can often be seen scurrying through leaf litter. Despite their size, they are excellent climbers and are sometimes found in trees.
Ocellated Skink
The Ocellated Skink (Chalcides ocellatus), also known as the Eyed Skink or Gongilo, is an introduced species with a cylindrical body and small head. They can grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) in total length and weigh around 39 grams. Their bodies are covered in small, smooth scales, giving them a glossy appearance.
Native to arid regions, these skinks are commonly found in dry environments such as gravel deserts and farmlands. They are not fast runners and instead rely on hiding behind vegetation to evade predators. Their adaptability has allowed them to establish stable populations in Florida.
Rough Mabuya
The Rough Mabuya (Eutropis rudis), also known as the Brown Mabuya, is an introduced skink species in Florida, originally from Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This species is rarely observed, making it one of the more mysterious lizards in the region.
Due to its secretive nature, little is known about its behavior and population status in Florida. It is believed to prefer dense vegetation, where it can remain hidden from predators and human activity.
Rainbow Mabuya
The Rainbow Mabuya (Trachylepis quinquetaeniata), also called the African Five-lined Skink, is a medium-sized lizard reaching up to 20 cm in total length. It has glossy scales that reflect light, giving it a metallic sheen. The base color is usually dark brown or olive-brown with pearl white spots, and three yellow-to-orange stripes run from the head to its bright blue tail. As the skink ages, the stripes fade, and the body may turn a uniform brown.
This species is native to Africa and has been introduced to Florida. It is recognizable by its pointed snout and distinctive black spots behind the ear opening. These skinks are fast-moving and often seek shelter under rocks, logs, and debris.
Five-lined Skink
The Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus), also known as the American Five-lined Skink, is a native species that can grow up to 8.5 inches (21.5 cm) in total length. Juveniles are black or dark brown with five yellow-to-white stripes and a striking electric blue tail. As they mature, the blue tail fades, and the stripes may disappear, leaving adults with a uniform brown coloration.
These skinks are primarily ground-dwelling and prefer moist, wooded habitats. They are commonly found hiding under logs, rocks, and even inside building walls. When threatened, they will detach their tail to escape predators, a common defense mechanism among skinks.
Southeastern Five-lined Skink
The Southeastern Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus) is similar in appearance to the Five-lined Skink but prefers drier, wooded habitats. It reaches up to 8.5 inches (21.5 cm) in total length, with a black, brown, or gray body featuring five yellow-to-white stripes. Juveniles have bright blue tails, while males develop an orange or red coloration on their heads as they mature.
These skinks are excellent climbers and are often seen both on the ground and in trees. They are incredibly fast and will quickly escape into tree stumps or under debris when threatened. Like other skinks, they can break off their tails as a defense mechanism against predators.
Eastern Glass Lizard
The Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis) is a legless lizard that can grow up to 43 inches (108 cm) in total length, making it the longest and heaviest glass lizard in Florida. Despite resembling a snake, it has distinct features such as movable eyelids and external ear openings. Its coloration varies from yellow and green to brown, and it is commonly found in wetlands, sandy areas, and coastal dunes.
These lizards are diurnal and highly active, often seen moving through open areas. If threatened, they will break off their tail, which continues to wriggle as a distraction while they escape. Unlike snakes, they rely on their strong jaws to capture and eat small prey like insects and other invertebrates.
Slender Glass Lizard
The Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus) is a legless lizard that closely resembles a snake due to its elongated, slender body. It can grow up to 42 inches (107 cm) in total length, making it one of the longest glass lizards in Florida. Its coloration varies from brown to yellow, often featuring dark markings that may fade with age. Some individuals also have a distinct dark stripe running down their back.
These lizards prefer dry, sandy habitats where they can move easily through loose soil and vegetation. They are active during the day and will quickly flee if approached. Like other glass lizards, they rely on a defensive mechanism of breaking off their tail to distract predators while they escape.
Mimic Glass Lizard
The Mimic Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus mimicus), also known as the Rainbow Glass Lizard, is one of the smaller glass lizards in Florida, reaching up to 26 inches (66 cm) in total length. It has a yellow to brown body with multiple dark stripes running along its sides, distinguishing it from other glass lizards.
This species is commonly found in dry habitats such as pine flatwoods, where it stays hidden under leaf litter and debris. It is diurnal, meaning it is active during the day, but it will quickly seek cover if disturbed. When threatened, the mimic glass lizard will shed part of its tail to confuse predators and make its escape.
Island Glass Lizard
The Island Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus compressus) is another small legless lizard, reaching up to 24 inches (61 cm) in total length. Like other members of its genus, it resembles a snake due to its long, slender body and lack of limbs. It is typically yellow to brown in color, with a dark stripe running down each side.
This species is often found in sandy habitats where it burrows into loose soil for shelter and protection. It is primarily active in the early evening, emerging to hunt for small invertebrates. If threatened, it will detach its tail, which continues to move to distract predators while the lizard escapes.
